Los Movimientos Vertebrales Acoplados en la exploración clínica del paciente
certezas y dudas, más de cien años después
Resumen
Los movimientos vertebrales acoplados (MVA) constituyen una propiedad inherente de la mecánica vertebral y han sido incorporados como parte integral de la evaluación y tratamiento en el ámbito de la terapia manual y la osteopatía. El acoplamiento vertebral ha adquirido relevancia clínica debido a que su alteración se ha asociado a diversas patologías de columna y, particularmente, a disfunciones a nivel del raquis. La literatura actual cuestiona ciertos supuestos propios a este modelo de movimiento sintetizados en las leyes de Fryette y, en consecuencia, al sistema de diagnóstico de lesiones segmentarias basado en estos principios. El propósito de este artículo es revisar la literatura concerniente a los MVA, incorporando los últimos trabajos en la materia que hacen uso de tecnología con alto nivel de precisión en la medición, describir con carácter exhaustivo las principales teorías de acople y analizar en forma comparativa los hallazgos más relevantes. A partir de una extensiva revisión no sistemática en distintas bases de datos académicas, con excepción del raquis cervical, no se encontró consenso respecto del comportamiento de acople que debería existir en los diferentes niveles vertebrales. La existencia de leyes que rigen el acoplamiento en extensos sectores del raquis no ha podido ser verificada empíricamente. Estos resultados sugieren que recurrir a los MVA para la elaboración de un diagnóstico sería una práctica inadecuada. Finalmente, en la presente revisión se discuten las implicancias que podrían tener el hallazgo de MVA consistentes entre los diversos estudios en sectores localizados de la columna, y se delinean las posibles direcciones futuras que podría adoptar el uso de los MVA en la práctica clínica.Citas
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